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Communism is a political and economic system in which the government owns land and goods. Everybody must share their wealth with others. A few of the most totalitarian regimes in the world have evolved around Communism. In the 20th century millions of people on all continents lived under Communist rule. In 1917 Russia became the first country to turn Communist. In 1922 its name was changed to the Soviet Union, for decades one of the most powerful countries in the world. Communism is based on the theories of Karl Marx, a German philosopher and revolutionary. He was an enemy of capitalism, a system that was spreading rapidly throughout the Industrial Revolution and the 19th century. Marx was angry to see that some capitalists became rich while other people had nothing. Factory workers were paid poorly and had to work under extreme conditions. Marx started spreading socialist ideas in which he demanded that the government take over property and factories and divide wealth more evenly among the population. He wrote down his ideas in the publication Communist Manifesto. Karl Marx believed that one day the workers would one day take control of government and the economy. That would be the start of a Communist society in which there were no classes and everyone had the same. A drastic change in economy is the most important principal of communism. The government controls economy and businesses. They nationalize all industries and factories. Government planning organizations decide what kind of products should be produced and how they are to be distributed. Prices are defined by the government and do not depend on supply and demand, as in Capitalist societies. Workers earn the same, regardless of their position. There are not very many differences between the highest and lowest wages.In the early years of Communism, planned economy was successful. The government could concentrate on building up different sections of the economy, like energy or industries.